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The ''Arleigh Burke'' class of guided missile destroyers (DDGs) is the United States Navy's first class of destroyer built around the Aegis Combat System and the SPY-1D multi-function Passive electronically scanned array radar. The class is named for Admiral Arleigh Burke, the most famous American destroyer officer of World War II, and later Chief of Naval Operations. The class leader, , was commissioned during Admiral Burke's lifetime. They were designed as multi-role destroyers〔url=http://www.public.navy.mil/surfor/pages/Destroyer.aspx |title=US Navy Ship - Destroyer |publisher=United States Navy〕 to fit the AAW (Anti-Aircraft Warfare) role with their powerful Aegis radar and surface-to-air missiles; ASW (Anti-submarine warfare) role, with their towed sonar array, anti-submarine rockets, and ASW helicopter; ASUW (Anti-surface warfare) role with their Harpoon (missile) launcher; and strategic land strike role with their Tomahawk (missile)s. Some versions of the class no longer have the towed sonar, or Harpoon missile launcher. Their hull and superstructure were designed to have a reduced radar cross section.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=DDG-51 Arleigh Burke-class )〕 The first ship of the class was commissioned on 4 July 1991. With the decommissioning of the last , , on 21 September 2005, the ''Arleigh Burke''–class ships became the U.S. Navy's only active destroyers; the class has the longest production run for any post-World War II U.S. Navy surface combatant.〔(After 2-plus decades, Navy destroyer breaks record )〕 Besides the 62 vessels of this class (comprising 21 of Flight I, 7 of Flight II and 34 of Flight IIA) in service by 2013, up to a further 42 (of Flight III) have been envisaged. With an overall length of to , displacement ranging from 8,315 to 9,200 tons, and weaponry including over 90 missiles, the ''Arleigh Burke''–class ships are larger and more heavily armed than most previous ships classified as guided missile cruisers.〔("Northrop Grumman-Built William P. Lawrence Christened; Legacy of Former POW Honored" ). Northrop Grumman, 17 April 2010.〕 ==Characteristics== The ships of the ''Arleigh Burke''-class are among the largest destroyers built in the United States. Only the , es () were longer; the () is longer as well. The ''Arleigh Burke'' class are multi-mission ships with a "combination of... an advanced anti-submarine warfare system, land attack cruise missiles, ship-to-ship missiles, and advanced anti-aircraft missiles,"〔 The larger ships were constructed on ''Spruance''-class hullforms, but are designated as cruisers due to their radically different mission and weapons systems. The ''Arleigh Burke'' class on the other hand were designed with a new, large, water-plane area-hull form characterized by a wide flaring bow which significantly improves sea-keeping ability. The hull form is designed to permit high speed in high sea states.〔 The ''Arleigh Burke''s designers incorporated lessons learned from the ''Ticonderoga''-class guided-missile cruisers; with the ''Arleigh Burke'' class, the U.S. Navy also returned to all-steel construction. An earlier generation had combined a steel hull with an innovative superstructure made of lighter aluminum to reduce topweight, but the lighter metal proved vulnerable to cracking. Aluminum is also less fire-resistant than steel;〔("Navy Reverting To Steel In Shipbuilding After Cracks In Aluminum" ). ''The New York Times'', 11 August 1987.〕 a 1975 fire aboard gutted her aluminum superstructure.〔(Section F.7: Aluminum in warship construction ). hazegray.org, 30 March 2000.〕 Battle damage to Royal Navy ships exacerbated by their aluminum superstructures during the 1982 Falklands War supported the decision to use steel. Another lesson from the Falklands War〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Arleigh Burke: Linchpin of the Navy )〕 led the navy to protect the ship's vital spaces with double-spaced steel armor (creating a buffer for modern rockets), and kevlar spall liners. The ''Ticonderoga''-class guided missile cruisers were deemed too expensive to continue building and too difficult to further upgrade. The angled rather than traditional vertical surfaces and the tripod mainmast of the ''Arleigh Burke'' design are stealth techniques,〔Gardiner and Chumbley 1995, p.592.〕〔Baker 1998, p.1020.〕 which make the ship more difficult to detect, in particular by anti-ship missiles. A Collective Protection System makes the ''Arleigh Burke'' class the first U.S. warships designed with an air-filtration system against nuclear, biological and chemical warfare.〔 Other NBC defenses include a "countermeasure wash down system".〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=DVIDS - Images - Countermeasure washdown system test )〕 Their AEGIS Combat System differs from a traditional rotating radar that mechanically rotates 360 degrees for each sweep scan of the airspace. Instead, Aegis uses a passive electronically scanned arrays, which allow continual tracking of targets simultaneous with area scans. The system's computer control also allows centralization of the previously separate tracking and targeting functions. The system is also resistant to electronic counter-measures. Their standalone Harpoon anti-ship missile launchers give them an anti-ship capability with a range in excess of 〔 With the retirement of the Tomahawk anti-ship missile variant, only ''Arleigh Burke''-class ships before Flight IIA versions are well-equipped for anti-surface warfare with Harpoon launchers. Others are not, but are loaded with Standard Missiles in their vertical launch cells capable of an anti-ship mode, though they have limited range and damage potential.〔(U.S. Navy’s Next Bid for Ship to Ship Combat ) - News.USNI.org, 6 June 2013〕 "The 5-inch/54 caliber Mark 45 gun, in conjunction with the Mark 34 Gun Weapon System, is an anti-ship weapon which can also be used for close-in air contacts or to support forces ashore with Naval Gun-Fire Support (NGF), with a range of up to and capable of firing 20 rounds per minute." The class's RIM-7 Sea Sparrow/RIM-162 ESSM missiles provide point defense against missiles and aircraft while the Standard Missile-3 provides area anti-aircraft defense. Additionally the ship has an electronics warfare suite that provides passive detection and decoy countermeasures.〔 The class's Light Airborne Multipurpose System, or LAMPS helicopter system improves the ship's capabilities against submarines and surface ships, a helicopter able to serve as a platform to monitor submarines and surface ships, and launch torpedoes and missiles against them, as well as being able to support ground assaults with machine guns and Hellfire anti-armor guided missiles.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Federation Of American Scientists - )〕 The helicopters also serve in a utility role, able to perform ship replenishment, search and rescue, medical evacuation, communications relay, and naval gunfire spotting and controlling. ''Arleigh Burke''–class destroyers have many combat systems. ''Burke''s have the Navy's latest anti-submarine combat system with active sonar, a towed sonar array, and anti-submarine rockets. They support strategic land strikes with their VLS launched Tomahawks.〔 They are able to detect anti-ship mines at a range of 1400 yards.〔("Selected Acquisition Report (SAR) DDG 51" )〕 So vital has the Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense System (BMD) role of the class become that all ships of the class are being updated with BMD capability.〔(Sea-Based Ballistic Missile Defense – Background and Issues for Congress )〕 ''Burke'' production is being restarted in place of additional s.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Arleigh Burke-class destroyer」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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